Nanoparticles with enzyme-like activity in bioanalytical systems

Abstract

Nanoparticles exhibiting catalytic activity similar to that of natural enzymes (nanozymes) are widely used in analytical and biomedical research. The term "nanozyme" emphasizes the nanoscale dimensions and enzyme-mimicking catalytic activity of these materials.
In many cases, nanozymes are considered as full functional analogues of natural enzymes. This report, based on the authors’ experimental data and literature analysis, emphasizes the fundamental differences between enzymatic and nanozyme catalysis, which must be considered when designing bioanalytical systems
We present a comparative evaluation of the kinetic parameters of nanozymes and natural oxidoreductase enzymes. Nanozymes demonstrate robust catalytic activity even under extreme pH and temperature conditions. These properties were exploited in the development of several highly sensitive and specific immunoanalytical systems. The catalytic performance of nanozymes with varying compositions (mono- and multimetallic nanoparticles), structures (core@shell particles, porous nanostructures, metal-organic frameworks), and morphologies was systematically analyzed. In some cases, compositional changes of nanoparticles during interaction with substrates were observed. Multi-enzyme-like activity was experimentally confirmed for certain nanozymes.
Finally, the key directions for the development of nanozyme-based bioanalytical platforms are briefly discussed, along with an assessment of their current commercialization status and future implementation prospects.

Speaker

Vasily Panferov
The Federal Research Centre “Fundamentals of Biotechnology” of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Russia

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