Laser Therapy for Cognitive Diseases: Prospects for Optical Clearing Technology of Head Tissue (Review)
Alaa Sabeeh Shanshool1,2, Asmaa Hadi Mohammed1, Ekaterina N. Lazareva2,3, P. A. Timoshina2,3 and Valery V. Tuchin2,3,4
1Department of Physics, College of Science, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq
2Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya str., Saratov 410012, Russia
3Laboratory of Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning, Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin’s av., Tomsk 634050, Russia
4Institute of Precision Mechanics and Control, FRC “Saratov Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences,” 24 Rabochaya str., Saratov 410028, Russia
Abstract
Abstract
Low-level laser radiation is characterized by its ability to induce non-destructive photobiological processes. These stimulating effects are classified as "biostimulation" or "photobiomodulation". The aim of this review is to discuss low-level laser therapy (LLLT) methods, devices, and delivery systems for the treatment of cognitive brain diseases and to analyze the main mechanisms of radiation action on target cells and tissues. The presented experimental data show that LLLT improves blood rheology, cerebral blood flow, and tissue oxygenation. The review presents various methods of delivering laser and LED radiation to the meninges transcranially through the outer tissues of the head, as well as through the nostrils and ear canals. These methods can be used alone or in combination with transcranial devices to treat a wide range of pathological brain conditions, such as mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), cerebrovascular diseases, depression, anxiety, and insomnia. The review presents one of the simplest and most effective methods of enhanced delivery of radiation to deep tissue layers, the so-called immersion optical clearing (IOC) method, implemented by reducing strong scattering of light in tissues along the path of the laser beam when they are impregnated with biocompatible chemical agents - optical clearing agents (OCA), which allows for a significant reduction in the power density and dose of laser irradiation of head tissues.
Speaker
Alaa Sabeeh Shanshool
Saratov University and Al-Nahrain University
Iraq
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