Laser methods for forming bioelectronic components from low-dimensional carbon nanostructures
A.Yu. Gerasimenko1,2, A.V. Kuksin1, D.T. Murashko1, M.S. Savelyev1,2, O.E. Glukhova2,3; 1 National Research University of Electronic Technology MIET, Shokin Square 1, 124498 Zelenograd, Moscow, Russia, 2 I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Bolshaya Pirogovskaya street 2-4, 119991 Moscow, Russia, 3 Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya street 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia
Abstract
Based on the revealed features of the interaction of carbon nanotubes and graphene with laser radiation, new methods for the fabrication of silicon electronic and bioelectronic devices are proposed. The methods are based on the fact that one-dimensional and two-dimensional carbon nanomaterials, which include carbon nanotubes and graphene, due to their small size and special structure in the form of monoatomic layers with covalently bonded atoms in hexagonal rings have a high degree of specific surface area with significant flexibility and strength, and can also exhibit semiconductor or metallic properties with high charge mobility and controlled electrical conductivity. A method has been developed for producing conductive CNT/graphene nanostructures with a given topology by laser formation using the fourth harmonic of an Nd:YAG laser (266 nm). The electrical conductivity of the nanostructures reached 9.8•107 S/m with a high hardness of ~2.2•10^9 Pa. Such nanostructures have great potential for creating silicon-carbon components, such as field emission cathodes, interconnects with various topologies for integrated circuits. Similar properties can be imparted to a three-dimensional biocompatible material based on engineered nanostructures of carbon nanotubes, graphene and their hybrids in a polymer or biopolymer matrix. The conditions for laser transformation of liquid dispersed media based on biopolymers and CNTs have been determined to create elements of biointegrated electronics. Proteins commonly used in tissue engineering, such as albumin, collagen and the polysaccharide chitosan, have been used as such biopolymers. As a result, a laser technology has been developed for forming film or volumetric structures. The structures have high electrical conductivity (~12.4 S/m) and hardness (~4.8•10^8 Pa). Thus, laser radiation stimulates the formation of contacts between nanotubes and graphene-nanotube contacts, which leads to the creation of new electrically conductive structures, strain gauges for detecting movements, interfaces for electrical stimulation of cell growth and electrically conductive tissue-engineered structures. Using such interfaces in the form of flexible electrodes, an increase in the number of connective tissue cells, as well as cells of electrogenic tissues: heart and nerves, was obtained by more than 2 times compared to the standard method of cell proliferation. The developed three-dimensional biopolymer-carbon structures made it possible to restore up to 80% of infarcted cardiac tissue.
Speaker
Alexander Yu. Gerasimenko
National Research University of Electronic Technology MIET
Russia
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