Formulation, Characterization, and Optimization of Stearic Acid-Based Solid Lipid Nanoparticles with Lauric acid and Tea Tree Oil
Fezile Motsoenea, Heidi Abrahamsea, Sathish Sundar Dhilip Kumara Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box: 17011, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa;
E-mail: 218040362@student.uj.ac.za, E-mail: dsathishsundar@gmail.com
Abstract
In recent decades, Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs) have proven to be an alternative drug delivery system by overcoming the limitations of polymeric micro and nanoparticles, liposomes, and emulsions. Solid lipid nanoparticles are site-specific and sub-colloidal lipid-based nanoparticles composed solid lipid core (within which the drug is located depending on its hydrophobicity or hydrophilicity) surrounded by a surfactant, which increases the drug stability, the stability and entrapment efficacy of the drug-loaded system. Additionally, SLNs have also enhanced the biocompatibility and delivery of lipophilic and hydrophobic drug molecules with natural active ingredients such as Tea tree oil and lauric acid in various medical applications. Therefore, the present study was conducted to formulate, characterize, and determine the antibacterial effect of the Lauric acid and Tea Tree oil-loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (LT-SALNs), including safeguarding sensitive compounds from harmful environmental factors like moisture, light, and pH levels. The LT-SLNs were prepared using the hot homogenization method at 17,500 rpm for 30 minutes. The LT-SLN formulation surface charge, composition, and appearance were analysed using Zeta potential and particle size, HR-TEM, XRD, and FTIR. To determine its efficacy against bacterial cells, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was used. Evaluation methods included bacterial Growth Kinetics, Kirby-Bauer Disk Diffusion, Live/dead cell analysis using flow cytometry, and bacterial membrane damage study. The SLN and LT-SLNs were well-designed with good physicochemical properties and biocompatibility which allowed them to penetrate deep into the bacterial membrane of P. aeruginosa displaying their antibacterial effect. This makes them suitable for use in in vitro diabetic wound healing practices.
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FEZILE
UNIVERSITY OF JOHANNESBURG
South Africa
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