Photobiomodulation (PBM) and low-level laser therapy (LLLT) for brain disease and the extent to which it is affected by the energy density of laser and wavelengths: Review
Alaa S. Shanshool, 1,2 and Valery V. Tuchin, 1,3,4
Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia 1
Institute of Laser for Postgraduate Studies, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq 2
Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biophotonics, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia 3
Laboratory of Laser Diagnostics of Technical and Living Systems, Institute of Precision Mechanics and Control RAS, Saratov, Russia 4
Abstract
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to explore the possibilities for the laser diagnosis of brain diseases and the application of laser therapy in medicine by analyzing lasers’ underlying mechanism of action on different cells and tissues, with a special focus on stem cells and mechanisms of repair. The interest in the application of laser therapy in medicine and has remarkably increased in the last decade. There are different types of lasers available and their usage is well defined by different parameters, such as wavelength, energy density, power output, and duration of radiation. Laser irradiation can induce a photobiomodulatory (PBM) effect on cells and tissues, contributing to a directed modulation of cell behaviors, enhancing the processes of tissue repair. Photobiomodulation (PBM), also known as low-level laser therapy (LLLT), can induce cell proliferation and enhance stem cell differentiation. Laser therapy is a non-invasive method that contributes to pain relief and reduces inflammation, parallel to the enhanced healing and tissue repair processes. The application of these properties was employed and observed in the treatment of various diseases and conditions, such as diabetes, brain injury, spinal cord damage, dermatological conditions, oral irritation, and in different areas of dentistry. The focus of our review will be on the dependence of the diagnosis and treatment of brain diseases with lasers on the density of laser energy and the wavelengths that most affect the mechanism of laser work.
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Speaker
Alaa Sabeeh Shanshool
Saratov University
Russia
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