Biophotonics as a Key to Understanding the Problems and Opportunities of Nanomedicine
Olga A. Sindeeva,1,2 Oksana A. Mayorova,2 Ekaterina S. Prikhozhdenko,2 Olga I. Gusliakova,2 Arkady S. Abdurashitov,1 Daniil N. Bratashov,2 Voronin V. Denis,2,3 Maxim A. Kurochkin,1 Roman A. Verkhovskii,2 Nikolay A. Pyataev,4 Valery V. Tuchin,2 Dmitry A. Gorin,1 Gleb B. Sukhorukov,1 1 Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia 2 Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia 3 National University of Oil and Gas “Gubkin University”, Moscow, Russia 4 Ogarev Mordovia State University, Saransk, Russia
Abstract
In modern science, targeted drug delivery systems are positioned as one of the critical approaches to reducing the side effects of classical therapy. However, only a few drug carriers have found actual clinical use. This is primarily due to a severe gap between the expected effect of carriers and their actual behavior in an organism, especially when they are introduced into the bloodstream. The problems associated with targeted delivery lie not only in the adaptation of the drug carrier’s properties but also in the influence of the organism itself on this process. Today biophotonics provides an opportunity to study in detail the behavior of drugs containers in vivo using a wide range of methods and to select the conditions under which the container addressing will be most effective. Fluorescence microscopy and tomography allowed us to select the conditions in which the accumulation of magnetic microcapsules in the magnetic field gradient is possible both at the level of individual vessels [1] and at the level of the whole organism [2]. Optical methods made it possible to clearly demonstrate the critical reasons for "unsuccessful experiments" on targeting containers: physicochemical properties of carriers, parameters of the magnetic field, circulation time [3, 4], topography of the vascular bed [1, 4], the method of introducing carriers into the bloodstream [2, 4]. We have shown that intra-arterial administration of containers directly through the vessels feeding the target-organ might be not only effective for targeting [1,2,4,5] but also safe. Optical coherence tomography [5] and laser-speckle visualization [3,4] made it possible to develop principles for selecting dosages that are safe for organs. Confocal microscopy, fluorescence tomography, flow cytometry, and speckle imaging made it possible to study in detail the processes occurring both with carriers and with the organ itself for several days [4,5].
This work was supported by Russian Science Foundation (project no. 19-75-10043).
References:
1. Voronin D. V. (2017). In vitro and in vivo visualization and trapping of fluorescent magnetic microcapsules in a bloodstream. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 9(8), 6885-6893.
2. Mayorova O. A. (2020). Endovascular addressing improves the effectiveness of magnetic targeting of drug carrier. Comparison with the conventional administration method. Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine, 102184.
3. Sindeeva O. A. (2019). Effect of Systemic Polyelectrolyte Microcapsule Administration on the Blood Flow Dynamics of Vital Organs. ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering, 6(1), 389-397.
4. Prikhozhdenko E. S. (2020). Target delivery of drug carriers in mice kidney glomeruli via renal artery. Balance between efficiency and safety. Journal of Controlled Release, 329, 175-190.
5. Abdurashitov A. S. (2021). Optical coherence microangiography of the mouse kidney for diagnosis of circulatory disorders. Biomedical Optics Express, 12(7), 4467-4477.
Speaker
Olga A. Sindeeva
Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology
Russia
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