Fluorescence diagnostics of soft tissues neoplasia

Abstract

Endogenous and exogenous fluorescence detection of neoplastic tissues could become a sensitive add-in tool for early and precise detection of different tumours in soft tissues. Endoscopic techniques and fiber-optical fluorescent probes allow achieving all organs and places in human body. New light excitation sources and sensitive detectors with high spectral resolution allow detecting low-intensity autofluorescence or to distinguish signals of exogenous fluorescent markers accumulated in the tumor cells. The most important moment in the current development of steady-state fluorescence technique for diagnostic applications in oncological practice is to develop appropriate databases with information about fluorescent properties of different types of pathologies for each organ and biological tissue types. One need to estimate the influence of cellular environment and state, presence of different intrinsic chromophores and pigments that could distort the emission signals detected From diagnostic point of view, information about different tumour sub-types, state of growth, dysplastic and benign forms of lesions has to be accumulated and used for differential analysis during primary clinical observations.
In this report will be presented 10-year’s experience on endogenous fluorescent detection and differentiation of cutaneous neoplasia, including benign and dysplastic lesions, as well basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), malignant melanoma (MM), and some rare skin neoplasia, such as keratoacantoma, Kaposhi sarcoma, amelanotic melanoma, etc. using excitation in the UV-VIS (365 – 440 nm) spectral range. Diagnostic device based on the endogenous fluorescence detection and differentiation of emission data received from normal and abnormal skin using support vector machines (SVM) and neural networks (NN) data analysis will be described.
A usage of delta aminolevulinic acid / protoporphyrin IX (20 mg/kg dose per os, 5-ALA/PpIX) as a representative of exogenous fluorescence diagnostic modality and its peculiarities for clinical applications will be described for in vivo observations of gastrointestinal tumours during endoscopic observations of patients. Dysplastic and carcinoma lesions of esophagus, stomach, colon and rectum were detected and differentiated from the normal mucosa. Effects of drug accumulation dynamics, metabolic clearance from the lesions, and presence of inflammatory areas on the diagnostic accuracy will be presented.
Acknowledgments: This work is supported in part by the National Science Fund of Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Science under grant #KP06-N28/11/2018.

Speaker

Ekaterina Borisova
Institute of Electronics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
Bulgaria

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